00-Pronunciation part 4

Translitterating the hamza

The hamza at the beginning of a word it is written compulsorily on a "alef", which it is used as a "seat" for it. Depending on the vowel attributed to the hamza it is translitterated thus in different ways:

Alef-hamza at beginning of word

Arabic writing

Nearby sound in english

Translitteration

 

أ

"but"

a

 

إ

"sit"

i

 

أُ

"put"

u

 

Translitterating special alif(s):

Arabic sign

Translitteration

Explanation

آ

A+

A really long "A" sum of two "a" sounds.

^

this alif is not pronounced since it is inglobated in preceding vocal sound.

The šadda

 

, or shadda ( ّ   ), marks the gemination (doubling) of a consonant. A kasra ( ِ ّ ) may be written between the consonant and the šadda rather than under the consonant.

The w-shaped šadda sign is derived from beginning of a small letter šīn.

General
Unicode

Translit.

Phonetic Value (IPA)

0651
ّ ّ

(consonant doubled)

[◌◌] (name is pronounced [ʃːdda])


The Stress:

The stress which falls on the letter in a word will be written in Bold, but will disappear gradually as long as you start to memorize them. The stress always falls on the long vowels speacially.
Example:
karhba      a car
biskle:t      bicycle

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