00-Pronunciation part 4

Translitterating the hamza

The hamza at the beginning of a word it is written compulsorily on a "alef", which it is used as a "seat" for it. Depending on the vowel attributed to the hamza it is translitterated thus in different ways:

Alef-hamza at beginning of word
Arabic writing	Nearby sound in english	Translitteration
أ	"but"	a
إ	"sit"	i
أُ	"put"	u

Translitterating special alif(s):

Arabic sign	Translitteration	Explanation
آ	A+	A really long "A" sum of two "a" sounds.
	^	this alif is not pronounced since it is inglobated in preceding vocal sound.

The šadda

, or shadda ( ^ّ ), marks the gemination (doubling) of a consonant. A kasra ( ِ‎ ^ّ ) may be written between the consonant and the šadda rather than under the consonant.

The w-shaped šadda sign is derived from beginning of a small letter šīn.

General Unicode	Translit.	Phonetic Value (IPA)
0651 ّ‎ ^ّ	(consonant doubled)	[◌◌] (name is pronounced [ʃːdda])

The Stress:

The stress which falls on the letter in a word will be written in Bold, but will disappear gradually as long as you start to memorize them. The stress always falls on the long vowels speacially.
Example:
karhba a car
biskle:t bicycle

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